Western Hemlock
Tsuga heterophylla
The most shade-tolerant conifer in the region, western hemlock germinates and thrives beneath a closed canopy. Its bark, rich in tannin, was long used by Coast Salish peoples as a tanning agent and reddish dye.
Where found
Shady, moist lowland and montane forests west of the Cascades; the state tree of Washington.
Fun facts
- Its drooping treetop, or "leader," is a reliable field ID from a distance.
- A red dye made from its bark colored mountain goat wool, basket materials, and was even used as a facial cosmetic.
- Washington's state tree — and one of the most abundant conifers in the region.
Specs
| Height | 50–70 m |
|---|---|
| Spread | 6–8 m |
| Lifespan | 400–500 yrs |
| Growth Rate | Slow to moderate |
| Sun | Shade tolerant |
| Native Range | Southeast Alaska to northern California |
